What is Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma, a malignant cancer caused by exposure to asbestos, affects thousands of people in the United States each year. The majority of cases are pleural mesothelioma, which forms in the lining of the chest cavity, while peritoneal mesothelioma forms in the lining of the abdominal cavity. Due to the long latency period of 10-50 years, most patients are diagnosed in their late 60s, with men who were exposed to asbestos on the job being the most affected.

To improve prognosis, doctors recommend a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. However, emerging treatments and clinical trials show promise for new options. Early-stage diagnosis offers the best chance of survival, but clinical trials may benefit late-stage patients. Factors such as the type of mesothelioma, treatment, and cell type can impact life expectancy and overall health.

Mesothelioma is primarily caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, which become lodged in the lungs or chest cavity and cause cellular damage over time. High-risk jobs, asbestos mines or processing plants, and exposure through renovation or living with someone who works with asbestos products are common risk factors. Military veterans, especially those who served on Navy ships, are also at risk.

There are four types of mesothelioma based on where the cancer forms in the body: pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, and testicular. Each type presents different symptoms, such as dry cough and chest pain for pleural mesothelioma, and weight loss and abdominal swelling for peritoneal mesothelioma.

Diagnosing mesothelioma involves imaging scans to locate tumors and biopsies to confirm the cancer cells. Blood tests may be used, but only a biopsy can provide a definitive diagnosis. The three main cell types of mesothelioma are epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and biphasic, each with varying prognosis and response to treatment.

Staging mesothelioma helps determine the best treatment options. Early-stage patients have localized tumors, while late-stage patients have tumors that have spread to nearby organs or distant lymph nodes. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, multimodal treatment, and clinical trials are the primary treatment options available.

Specialized mesothelioma doctors and cancer centers, such as Dr. Robert Cameron and Dr. Abraham Lebenthal, provide expertise and access to the latest treatments and clinical trials. While the prognosis for mesothelioma is generally poor, lifestyle changes, a balanced diet, and finding the right doctor can improve life expectancy. Complementary therapies and support groups can also enhance overall well-being.

Mesothelioma has physical, mental, and social effects on patients. As the cancer progresses, physical symptoms such as pain and difficulty breathing worsen. Chemotherapy can affect cognitive function, and patients may experience feelings of isolation due to the rarity of the cancer. Joining support groups, talking with loved ones, and seeking counseling can help address these challenges.

Resources are available to assist patients and their families, including mesothelioma packets with comprehensive information, doctor matching services, online support groups, and financial assistance options. Patient advocates are available 24/7 to provide guidance and support throughout the journey.